When your baby is still little, she may need regular feedings throughout the night. (Consult with your pediatrician to determine an appropriate feeding schedule.) During this stage, minimize stimulation during nighttime feedings: keep lights off, noise low, and diaper changes quick.

As your baby grows older, she might outgrow the need for middle-of-the-night feedings but still cry out for comfort. There are many approaches to this challenge, and there’s no one-size-fits-all solution.

Some parents embrace the exhaustion and soothe every tear, while others opt for some form of sleep training to help kids sleep through the night. It’s important to know that there are many solutions available, so find one that aligns with your parenting values and give it a try.

Children often have difficulty falling asleep, and there are countless reasons why this happens. However, if your baby or toddler consistently stays awake past bedtime, you may want to reexamine her sleep and nap schedule. You may need to wake her up earlier, put her to sleep later, or adjust nap times.

Bedwetting is a common issue among children. It’s not typically caused by laziness or disobedience but by other factors, including genetics, hormones, excessive fluid intake, or stress.

You can help manage bedwetting by limiting fluids before bedtime, establishing regular bathroom trips, and using waterproof mattress covers. It’s also important to address any emotional stress or significant life changes your child may be going through, as these factors can contribute to bedwetting episodes. Bedwetting is especially common amongst anxious children, as it can return during periods of heightened anxiety or stress. Reassure your child that bedwetting is common and not something to be ashamed of.

If bedwetting persists beyond the age of 6 or 7, or if your child is distressed by it, consult your pediatrician. They can rule out any underlying medical conditions and provide guidance on effective management strategies.

For children prone to anxiety, falling asleep can be especially challenging. Common issues that may come up are separation anxiety at bedtime, fear of the dark, and racing thoughts.

Consider using these tools to help kids sleep: consistent bedtime routines, a nightlight, and stuffed animals with a calming recording of a parent’s voice. If your child continues to struggle with severe separation anxiety at bedtime, explore it with a mental health professional.

Nightmares are vivid and frightening dreams that happen during REM sleep (the deepest phase of sleep), often triggered by stress, anxiety, or exposure to scary stories. If your child has a nightmare, comfort and reassure him. They might find it helpful to tell you about their scary dream so you can alleviate their fears. Following a nightmare, your child will likely need support, like a nightlight or someone to sit with them, in order to fall back asleep.

Night terrors might seem similar to nightmares, but they’re far more intense. Unlike nightmares, which occur during REM sleep, night terrors happen during non-REM sleep. During a night terror, your child may appear partially awake but remain unaware of their surroundings. Typically, children will have no recollection of the event in the morning. Children experiencing night terrors may scream, thrash around, and remain unresponsive to their parent’s attempts to comfort them.

As a parent, you might feel helpless during these episodes, especially if your child doesn’t acknowledge or respond to your presence. However, you can do a few things to help manage night terrors.

It’s important not to fully wake your child, as this can cause further confusion and distress. Instead, ensure her safety by keeping her away from any hazards and staying with her until she calms down and falls back asleep.

While most children outgrow night terrors on their own, discussing recurring episodes with your pediatrician is a good idea. Common triggers for night terrors include stress, sleep apnea, reflux, or changes in medication.